Abstract: With the gradual realization of low frequency detection and other characteristics of sonar technology, the development of stealth technology is facing great challenges. Acoustic metamaterials are a new type of artificial composite materials with supernormal physical properties, which can suppress the propagation of large wavelength(low frequency)acoustic waves with a small size structure, providing a new path for acoustic stealth technology. In this paper, the working mechanism of acoustic metamaterials was analyzed from three aspects of vibration reduction and isolation, sound absorption and isolation, and reduction of acoustic target strength. And the prospect of acoustic metamaterials for acoustic stealth technology of underwater vehicles was also discussed. Compared with traditional materials, acoustic metamaterials have broad prospects in reducing low-frequency radiated noise of underwater vehicles and guiding the development of new acoustic stealth technology.