Abstract: Due to the system complexity and the mission particularity of aircraft carriers， a plan demonstration needs to be conducted during the preliminary design stage in order to ensure design's rationality， where the relevant evaluation index system is a precondition for such a demonstration program. Based on the Availability， Dependability， and Capacity （ADC） model， the key performance indicators for carrier's capacity are selected by referencing to the evaluation index system of general surface ships and considering aircraft carriers' particularity. Interpretative Structural Modeling （ISM） is then introduced to convert these indicators into matrix elements. The structural model of aircraft carriers' capacity is also constructed through Boolean operation of the matrix. With the decision-making applications in the evaluation index system， certain elements are analyzed during the conversion between the structural model and the evaluation system. Finally， the evaluation system for the overall decision-making of aircraft carrier design is established. Compared with conventional evaluation index systems， the proposed system demonstrates superior stability and rationality. The presented method is not only applicable to the construction of evaluation index systems， but also to the validation of present index systems.