Abstract: High power microwave（HPM）and electromagnetic pulse（EMP） weapons both are highly lethal weapons in modern warfare. In order to protect modern weaponry against HPM/EMP attack， frontier technologies and methods such as adaptive electromagnetic protection， microwave reinforcement， and evolvable hardware are reviewed in this paper， where conventional protection methods are first described based on the development process of HPM/EMP weaponry and the protection research. Research achievements such as radio frequency electromagnetic protection units， picosecond EMP suppression device， and frequency selective surface are summarized， with new protection materials being presented in the end. Also， suggestions are given for the future development direction of HPM/EMP protection technology from the perspective of systematic protection， potential loss of effectiveness of equipment， as well as the standard on HPM/EMP protection.