Evolution of U.S. Maritime Unmanned Systems and Its Implications for Global Pathway Divergence

In the strategic planning of the United States Navy, maritime unmanned equipment has gradually become a key force for enhancing maritime combat capabilities. In recent years, the U.S. military has continuously increased investment in research and development as well as deployment in this field, aiming to consolidate its technological leading position. Platforms such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), unmanned surface vessels (USVs), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have demonstrated significant effectiveness and operational potential in missions including reconnaissance and surveillance, battlefield awareness, and precision strikes. Based on the development context, classification characteristics, and typical operational scenarios of U.S. maritime unmanned equipment, this paper systematically analyzes its technological evolution trends, capability contributions, and practical challenges, and puts forward targeted thoughts and suggestions. Through in-depth exploration of the above issues, this study aims to provide theoretical reference and path support for the systematic construction and combat effectiveness generation of China’s maritime unmanned equipment, as well as offer decision-making basis for safeguarding national security and maritime rights and interests.